RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Workplace bullying (WPB) is any sort of repeated and unjustified verbal, sexual, or physical intimidation that a person is exposed to by a group or another person in the workplace. In healthcare environments, practitioners are occasionally victims of WPB incidents. Bullying in surgical environments is an important issue that needs attention as it could affect patient care either directly or indirectly. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of bullying in surgical environments in multiple regions in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among surgeons, trainees, interns, nurses, and students in surgical specialties in multiple Saudi regions. The survey was designed by Survey Monkey and posted online. The data were analyzed through SPSS Version-21 by computing descriptive statistics as frequency and percentages with graph construction. RESULTS: About two-thirds (65.2%) of the 788 study participants were male and were between the age of 20 and 29 years (67.8%). Consultants came first as perpetrators of bullying in the past 12 months (44.3%) and residents and interns were the major victims. The NAQ-R score ranged from 22.00 to 110.00, with a mean score of 42.47 (SD=17.9). Statistically significant association was found between mean NAQ-R score and age (P = 0.007), specialty (P = 0.002), and position (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: WPB is a pervasive problem in surgical environments in multiple regions of Saudi Arabia. Consultants and specialists are the primary offenders in bullying, which makes the hospital an environment for bullying behaviors.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Basic life support (BLS) is the care provided by first responders in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest in order to save someone's life. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of BLS skills among female school teachers in Al-Madinah. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 female teachers in 24 governmental school Al-Madinah city in 2019 by using a self-administrated questionnaire. T-test and ANOVA test were used to compare mean knowledge scale across variables. RESULTS: The majority aged 41-50 years (46%). Only 30.5% had completed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and 73.9% had trained more than 2 years ago. Most of them (94.7%) wanted more training in CPR. The main reason to attend CPR training was to avoid unnecessary death (48.7%). The mean knowledge scale was (5.63 ± 1.49). There was a significant difference in the knowledge score between those who had observed CPR and those who had not observed CPR (P = 0.045). CONCLUSION: The knowledge and skills of BLS were low among female school teachers. Teachers' attitude toward CPR training was positive.
RESUMO
We aimed at investigating the cosmetic interests, public confidence in cosmetic industry, health knowledge, practice, and need for health education regarding using topical bleaching agents (TPAs) among a relatively big sample size in Al-Madinah (west Saudi Arabia, a conservative eastern society that acquires its social customs from Islam). Islamic values increased women respect and esteem in this society. This is reflected on cosmetic practices and attitude, e.g. women use face cover outdoors. This issue is vital for both women health and beauty, and is rarely discussed. TPAs use is affected by culture, social customs, and health awareness regarding TPAs chemical constituents, e.g. hydroquinone, mercury, steroids that may harm skin and general health. Ethical committee approval was done for our study that included 531 women (attending the outpatient clinics in March-April 2016) of targeted 571 (response rate was 89.8%). 43.3% (230 women) are current TPAs users. Three hundred and eight-nine women (73.3%) regularly used TPAs to heal pigmented areas like freckles (75.8%) and just to lighten skin color (58.7%). Side effects of discontinuation were restoration of normal skin color (44.3%) or even darker skin (27%), skin dryness (20%) and rash (9.6%). Mercury is recognized as harmful to human health by 30.2%, whereas cortisone was chosen by others (53.2%). Unexpectedly, minority of investigated women (10%) considered using TPAs safe and recognized harms of some ingredients as mercury whereas the majority (70.2%) does not encourage others for TPAs use although they themselves kept using TPAs for different reasons. Cosmetic interest is high among women using TPAs, highest among the middle age (26-40 years), and lowest among women more than 40 years (50% versus 17.9%) (p < 0.001). Using skin TPAs in west Saudi Arabia is comparable with international standards, higher among educated women, house wives and employed women. This denotes care of married employed women to use TPAs to express beauty to husbands. This is not reduced by work duties and is controlled by conservative Islamic modesty. Health education is mandatory regarding TPAs components and use during pregnancy and lactation. Cosmetic science and industry needs more research to improve TPAs use through providing better safe alternatives for many TPAs components, e.g. mercury and hydroquinone.
